On every channel
Governments that rule by messenger, protests organised on Telegram, hashtags that start global movements: the internet has turned the public sphere of politics upside down. In Iran this sphere has its own shape: a state broadcasting monopoly, the filtering of Instagram, Telegram and YouTube, and the 81 percent of users who get round it with a VPN; Persian-language satellite channels from abroad, election text messages, and the label «cyber troll» that each side pins on the other. Through digital media citizens find a wider audience and enter politics more easily; that is good for democracy. Its other side: hate and fake news distort debates, private platforms and coordinated networks shape public opinion, and independent journalism has fewer tools for bringing critical news to citizens. The opportunities and the challenges of this «public sphere 3.0» have to be balanced if democracy is to work in the future.
Written by us
Sources
- VPN users: 81 percent of internet users (phone survey, 1,100 people) — Majles Research Centre, Azar 1403




